Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:27 Issue: 2, Jun 2023

A current biosafety and biosecurity crisis, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, threatens public health, making it crucial to assess and follow optimal laboratory conditions to prevent any contamination and spread of the lethal virus. Much medical staff have been lost to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dimensions of laboratory biosafety were examined in this study to reduce risks associated with COVID-19 treatment. In addition, this research primarily focuses on assessing laboratory biosafety regarding emerging coronaviruses. This research will determine which aspects need to be addressed to address the risks and implement them in the correct order and at the right time to be as educational as possible.

Context: 

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are more likely to suffer from cognitive dysfunction due to dementia. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a non-invasive treatment strategy has been used as an efficient strategy to improve cognitive function. 

Evidence Acquisition:

Several studies investigating tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were reviewed.

Most of these studies have targeted the left dlPFC, indicating that tDCS over the dlPFC can improve cognitive function, such as memory, visual recognition, attention, decision-making, and cognitive decline. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the effect of tDCS over the dlPFC on the connectivity of this brain region as a key node for cognitive function. Meanwhile, further research should be conducted to elucidate the effects of tDCS over the dlPFC on brain connectivity and AD biomarkers. In addition, more investigations should be conducted to identify the exact mechanisms affecting dlPFC stimulation on cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.

Based on the results, tDCS over the DlPFC could improve cognitive function in AD patients.

Heart failure is common worldwide, and it is still expanding. Psychological factors such as depression are more effective on the consequences of this disease, which is necessary to seek a solution for controlling.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of social problem-solving skills training (SPSST) on depression in patients with heart failure.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on two groups of ten male patients with heart failure in Kermanshah, Iran, randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, ten one-hour sessions of SPSST were done. The Beck depression inventory (BDI-13) was completed three times before, after, and three months after the intervention in both groups. The data were analyzed in SPSS v. 23 with t-test and ANCOVA to compare the groups.

There was a significant difference in the depression scores of the intervention group in the post-test (P = 0.000) and follow-up (P = 0.003) than before the intervention. However, there was no significant difference in the depression scores of the control group in all stages (P > 0.05).

SPSST could improve the depression of patients with heart failure and prevent its complications, which is recommended for controlling the depression of heart failure patients

The lncRNA-LINC02389 gene is a long non-coding RNA, which has not been an assessed potential role in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the lncRNA-LINC02389 gene expression variation in subjects with ESCC.

The present survey was a preliminary investigation performed on seventy-five paired paraffin blocks including tumorous and non-tumorous marginal tissues from subjects with ESCC. After extraction of totalRNAandcDNAsynthesis, the lncRNA-LINC02389 gene expression change was evaluated using quantitative Real-time PCR method.

Our data declared that the lncRNA-LINC02389 gene was significantly down-regulated in ESCC tissues compared to the marginal tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, the findings showed a significant association between the lncRNA-LINC02389 gene expression change and tumor differentiation grade (P = 0.003).

Our results proposed a possible carcinogenesis character of the lncRNA-LINC02389 gene and may be employed as a prognostic clinical significance in the progression of ESCC.

Oligohydramnios is a common problem in pregnancy that requires therapeutic measures in addition to managing the underlying cause.

This study aimed to assess sildenafil citrate’s impact on the amniotic fluid index in pregnant women with oligohydramnios and borderline oligohydramnios.

Women with a singleton pregnancy, oligohydramnios, and gestational age of 24 to 36 weeks were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group also received 50 mg of sildenafil citrate every 8 hours and 3 liters of isotonic solution per day. In the control group, a placebo was given along with hydration therapy, similar to the intervention groups. The amount of amniotic fluid was reassessed one week and two weeks after treatment. Weekly measurements of amniotic fluid volume, biophysical profile, and non-stress test were used twice a week for fetal monitoring. This study analyzed the data using SPSS version 23 with a significance threshold of P  0.05.

Finally, there was a substantial change in the amniotic fluid level between the basic and end of the second week (P  0.05). There wasnoapparent distinction between the two groups regarding pharmaceutical side effects or the consequences of pregnancy.

Sildenafil citrate enhanced amniotic fluid production, although no significant issues were seen for the mother or fetus.

 Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease with many consequences.

 This study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of resistance training and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) juice consumption on diabetic indicators and lipid profiles in women with type 2 diabetes.

 Women with type 2 diabetes (n = 40) were assessed in a randomized, double-blind study and categorized into four groups: (training + placebo), (training + supplement), supplement, and control. Blood sampling was performed 48 hours before and after the protocol, and blood indicators were evaluated to compare their changes among groups. One-way ANOVA statistical tests and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to compare groups.

 The results indicated that separate resistance training significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly increased. Cucumber juice consumption significantly reduced FBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL, while HDL significantly increased (P < 0.05). Combined resistance training and consuming cucumber juice caused a more significant decrease in (FBS, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL), and HDL increased significantly (P < 0.05). Intergroup changes in (FBS, TG, TC, LDL) was significant (P < 0.05). Intergroup changes in (HbA1c and HDL) were significant (P < 0.05). However, differences in (HbA1c and HDL) between training and supplement groups were not significant (P ≥ 0.05).

 Separate and combined effects of resistance training and cucumber juice consumption improved diabetic indicators and lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is prevalent among hemodialysis patients associated with vascular and skeletal complications. Thus, treatment is required, specially before kidney transplantation.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of calcitriol and cinacalcet versus standard-dose calcitriol in treating severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism who were randomly allocated to two intervention groups. Group A received calcitriol 1mg PO every other night, and group B took calcitriol 1mg PO every other night and cinacalcet 30mg PO daily. The improvement of laboratory parameters was investigated 3 and 6 months after the intervention.

There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, and duration of dialysis (P > 0.05). In group A, serum levels of calcium (P < 0.001) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P < 0.001) were significantly reduced comparedto baseline. However, phosphorus (P=0.175)andalbumin (P=0.143)serumlevelsshowednosignificant changes. In group B, calcium (P = 0.001), PTH (P < 0.001), and serum phosphorus (P < 0.001) levels were significantly decreased after the intervention. Nevertheless, serum albumin levels showed no significant changes from baseline (P = 0.061). Changes in serum phosphorus (P < 0.001) and PTH levels (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the groups. However, changes in serum calcium (P = 0.062) and albumin levels (P = 0.773) were not significantly different (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

The results of this study showed that treatment with cinacalcet and calcitriol was more effective than calcitriol alone without any side effects.

Intrusion is the most severe luxation injury, resulting in soft and hard tissue damage. Treatment depends on the root development stage and tooth intrusion degree. Lateral luxation describes tooth displacement in any direction other than axial. The prognosis of luxated teeth depends on the emergency treatment and elapsed time. This paper reports an 11-year-old boy who sustained displacement of central and lateral incisors into the nasal cavity, and his left canine had lateral luxation. Surgical repositioning was undertaken for intruded teeth, and a splint was placed. The canine could not be repositioned due to the delay, but its position improved toward the force of the cheek after several sessions. This study contains the data obtained from a one-year follow-up.